Data Sets: data that can be freely used, reused and redistributed by anyone – subject only, at most, to the requirement to attribute and sharealike” (Open Data Handbook, Open Knowledge, 2012).
CERN is providing access to their data in 2 ways: educational, using predesigned analytical tools, and research, using a virtual environment to do the data analysis
A huge collection of data from the World Bank, from agriculture to urban development. Click the Data Catalog to see a list of datasets, tables, and topics.
Not a data source, but a data tool. Sometimes the only format available is PDF, and it looks like you'll have to type it all in by hand. Tabula to the rescue! (Note: Downloadable software which, once installed, opens a new web browser window. Data extraction happens in the browser.) Read more about it.
Agricultural and food related data from over 200 countries, as compiled by the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization. The dataset is searchable and downloadable.
Repository for all file formats and types of data--searchable, browsable, and taggable. Figshare allows users to upload any file format to be previewed in the browser so that any research output, from posters and presentations to datasets and code, can be disseminated in a way that the current scholarly publishing model does not allow.
open access databases for molecular biology data. Descriptions of the databases, including new databases and changes, are available in the annual Databases supplement to NAR.
articles, books, conference papers, technical reports, theses, and dissertations from CalTech's faculty and students. There are over a dozen collections and more coming. CODA is particularly strong in engineering, but covers all subjects.
A developing open access project in folklore studies. The project itself is still in development, but there are links to the existing online collections in each category.
The CIA World FactBook and the Occupational Outlook Handbook are just a few of the many government documents available online. Other agencies have collections of historical material, such as the National Parks Service Parks History site. USA.gov will search the whole federal government. Science.gov searches just the science related agencies (NASA, EPA, FWS, NOAA, etc.)